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Common misconceptions about email security

Written by Lusanda Molefe | January 23, 2025

Email security is the act of defending electronic communications against various digital threats. This includes protecting email accounts from unauthorized access, securing domains against impersonation attempts, and blocking harmful elements like phishing attacks, fraud, and malware. Additionally, it involves filtering out spam and implementing encryption to ensure message confidentiality, allowing only authorized individuals to access email content.

Related: HIPAA Compliant Email: The Definitive Guide

 

How does email security work?

  • Authentication: The first line of defense occurs when an email is sent. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) explains this as the system verifying if the sender is legitimate using SPF records, which act like an approved guest list showing which servers are authorized to send emails from your domain. DKIM then adds a unique digital signature to prove the email hasn't been tampered with during transit. DMARC brings these checks together and provides instructions to receiving servers about how to handle suspicious emails that fail these authentication checks.
  • Transit: As the email travels between servers, TLS encryption creates a secure tunnel that scrambles the email content. This encryption works like a protected pathway, ensuring that even if hackers manage to intercept the email during its journey, they won't be able to read its contents. Think of it as sending a letter in a locked box where only the intended recipient has the key.
  • Scanning and filtering: Before an email reaches its destination inbox, it passes through several security scanners. These scanners examine the email for known virus patterns in attachments, search for suspicious links that match documented phishing attempts, and look for spam characteristics such as mass-sending patterns. The systems also analyze sender behaviors that might indicate fraudulent activity, such as emails claiming to be from your bank but coming from unusual locations.
  • At the inbox level: The final security layer occurs at the inbox itself. Security tools like Paubox Email Suite verify if login attempts come from recognized devices and locations. Multi-factor authentication adds an extra verification step, typically requiring a code sent to your phone or generated by an authentication app. When potentially dangerous emails make it this far, they may be automatically quarantined for review rather than delivered directly to the inbox.

 

Common misconceptions

1. Basic spam filters are enough protection

Many organizations believe their built-in spam filters provide adequate security. However, modern cyber threats are far more sophisticated than traditional spam. While basic filters might catch obvious junk mail, they often miss advanced phishing attempts, business email compromise (BEC) attacks, and zero-day threats that require security solutions like Paubox Email Suite Plus with inbound security, which protects against security threats like spam, ransomware, and phishing attacks.

 

2. Small organizations aren't targets

There's a dangerous misconception that cybercriminals only target large enterprises. In reality, smaller organizations, especially healthcare providers, are often prime targets because they typically have valuable data but weaker security measures. Cybercriminals view them as low-hanging fruit with potentially easier access to sensitive information like patient records. 

According to the Hiscox Cyber Readiness Report, organizations with fewer employees actually spend a higher proportion of their IT budget on cybersecurity (14%) compared to larger organizations (7%), indicating that small businesses are indeed significant targets requiring substantial security investment.

 

3. Encrypted email is too complicated

Many believe implementing encrypted email requires technical expertise and creates user friction. Modern solutions like Paubox have eliminated this complexity - emails are automatically encrypted without requiring passwords, portals, or extra steps from senders or recipients. It works seamlessly with existing email workflows while maintaining HIPAA compliance.

 

4. If it looks official, it's safe

Some users assume emails appearing to come from known brands or colleagues are automatically trustworthy. However, sophisticated phishing attacks can perfectly mimic legitimate emails. Even emails that appear to come from trusted sources should be scrutinized, which is why advanced authentication protocols are crucial.

 

5. Security training isn't worth the investment

Organizations often undervalue security awareness training, seeing it as an unnecessary expense. However, human error remains one of the biggest security vulnerabilities. According to an academic paper about the need for cybersecurity self-evaluation in healthcare, this is a weakness among staff that makes the healthcare sector a prime target for cyber attacks. Regular training helps employees recognize threats and follow security best practices, forming a layer of defense alongside technical solutions.

 

6. HTML emails and preview panes are safe

A widespread belief is that simply viewing emails without opening attachments is safe. However, HTML-formatted emails can contain malicious code that executes automatically when opened. These emails may also include web bugs - invisible images that verify active email addresses for spammers. Even preview panes can trigger these security risks.

 

7. Sender addresses are trustworthy

Many users trust that emails come from the displayed sender address. However, email addresses are easily spoofed, and even emails appearing to come from known contacts could be malicious. Sophisticated attackers can create nearly perfect replicas of legitimate business emails, making verification through email headers and security protocols necessary.

 

FAQs

Why is email security important?

Email security protects organizations from cyber attacks that can lead to data breaches, financial losses, and reputation damage. 

 

What is DMARC?

An email authentication protocol that combines SPF and DKIM to protect against email spoofing and provides reporting on email authentication attempts.

 

What is SPF?

An authentication method that acts like a guest list, showing which servers are authorized to send emails from your domain.

 

What is DKIM?

A security protocol that adds a digital signature to verify emails haven't been modified during transit.