What is distribution-as-a-service (DaaS)?

Distribution-as-a-Service (DaaS) involves malicious software, tools, or operations sold as a service. Cybercriminals commonly use this model to provide a range of illicit services to other attackers or groups, allowing them to execute cyberattacks more efficiently and with less expertise required.

Understanding DaaS

Distribution-as-a-Service uses a business model where cybercriminals outsource their distribution to third-party service providers, allowing cybercriminals to focus on their core activities while leveraging the expertise and infrastructure of specialized distribution partners. 

In a recent GitHub cyberattack, threat actor Stargazer Goblin created a malware Distribution-as-a-Service (DaaS) using over 3000 fake GitHub accounts. The attack led to thousands of victims unknowingly installing malicious software on their devices.

Features of DaaS

• Accessibility: DaaS lowers the barrier to entry for individuals and groups looking to engage in cybercriminal activities by providing ready-to-use tools and services.
• Scalability: These services can often be scaled based on the buyer's needs, whether for small-scale attacks or large, coordinated campaigns.
• Anonymity: Many DaaS providers operate on the dark web, offering services anonymously to protect both the provider and the buyer.
• Comprehensive offerings: DaaS can include a variety of services, such as malware distribution, ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS), phishing kits, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, and more.

Impact of DaaS

• Increased cybercrime: By making sophisticated tools and services accessible to less skilled attackers, Cyber DaaS contributes to increasing incidents.
• Lowered barriers: Individuals without technical expertise can carry out complex attacks, increasing the overall threat landscape.
• Enhanced threat sophistication: With professional-grade tools available for rent, even minor actors can execute highly sophisticated attacks.

Common sources of distribution-as-a-Service (DaaS)

Distribution-as-a-Service (DaaS) is typically found on the dark web and underground forums. Sources include:

Dark web marketplaces

• Dark web marketplaces: These are online platforms that operate on the dark web, where various illegal goods and services are bought and sold, including DaaS offerings.
• Tor network: A popular anonymizing network that hosts many dark web marketplaces and forums where cybercriminals conduct business.

Underground forums

• Hacker forums: Online communities where hackers and cybercriminals discuss techniques, share tools, and offer services. Well-known forums include RaidForums, Exploit.in, and BreachForums.
• Telegram channels: Encrypted messaging apps like Telegram have channels dedicated to cybercrime activities, where DaaS offerings are frequently advertised.

Specific services

• Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS): Services like REvil (Sodinokibi), DarkSide, and LockBit provide ready-to-deploy ransomware packages along with support and infrastructure.
• Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS): Providers such as Emotet and TrickBot offer modular malware platforms that can be rented or purchased for specific attacks.
• DDoS-as-a-Service: Platforms like Webstresser and Booter services provide DDoS attack capabilities for a fee.
• Phishing kits: These are pre-made kits that include phishing templates, spoofed websites, and tools to capture credentials. They are often sold on underground forums and dark web marketplaces.

See also: HIPAA Compliant Email: The Definitive Guide

Types of DaaS

• Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS): Providers offer ready-made ransomware that buyers can use to launch attacks. These often include user-friendly interfaces for managing attacks and collecting ransoms.
• Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS): Similar to RaaS, but with various types of malware, including trojans, spyware, and keyloggers. Buyers can customize and deploy these malicious programs.
• DDoS-as-a-Service: Providers offer the capability to launch distributed denial-of-service attacks, overwhelming targeted systems or networks to disrupt services.
• Phishing-as-a-Service (PhaaS): Ready-made phishing kits that include email templates, spoofed websites, and tools to capture sensitive information.
• Exploit kits: Toolkits that automate the exploitation of vulnerabilities in software to deliver malware or gain unauthorized access to systems.

Defending against DaaS attacks

• Enhanced security posture: Organizations need to adopt comprehensive security measures, including endpoint protection, network security, and regular patching.
• Threat intelligence: Staying informed about emerging threats and the tools available in the cybercriminal market can help anticipate and defend against potential attacks.
• User education: Training employees to recognize phishing attempts and other social engineering tactics can reduce the effectiveness of these attacks.
• Incident response plans: Developing and testing incident response plans ensures that organizations can quickly and effectively respond to attacks.

Monitoring and intelligence sources

• Threat intelligence platforms: Services like Recorded Future, FireEye, and IBM X-Force provide insights into cybercriminal activities and emerging threats, often monitoring dark web and underground forums.
• Cybersecurity blogs and reports: Blogs and reports from cybersecurity companies like Kaspersky, Symantec, and Trend Micro often detail the latest findings related to DaaS and other cyber threats.
• Government and law enforcement agencies: Agencies like the FBI, Europol, and national cybersecurity centers often release advisories and reports on emerging threats and notable cybercriminal activities.

See also: FAQs: What you need to know about cybersecurity 

FAQs

How does DaaS differ from traditional cyberattacks?

Traditional cyberattacks often require significant technical expertise and resources. DaaS lowers the barrier to entry by providing ready-made tools and services, enabling individuals with minimal skills to execute complex attacks. It also allows cybercriminals to scale their operations more efficiently.

How can threat intelligence platforms help in mitigating DaaS threats?

Threat intelligence platforms provide insights into emerging threats, track activities on dark web forums, and analyze data to identify potential risks. This information helps organizations proactively defend against attacks originating from DaaS services.

How do cybercriminals monetize DaaS services?

Cybercriminals monetize DaaS services by charging fees for access to their tools and services. This can include subscription models, one-time payments, or a share of the profits from successful attacks (e.g., a percentage of ransom payments).