What is the dark web?

The dark web is a portion of the internet that isn’t indexed by standard search engines like Google or Bing. It requires specific software, configurations, or authorization to access. It is a subset of the deep web, which includes all online content not accessible through traditional search engines (e.g., private databases, subscription-based services, or personal emails).

Features of the dark web

• Anonymity: The dark web is commonly accessed using software like Tor (The Onion Router), which anonymizes users' identities and locations by routing their connections through multiple encrypted layers. This makes it challenging to trace users or websites.
• Encrypted content: Websites and services on the dark web often use encryption to secure communications and hide server locations. Addresses typically end in ".onion" rather than ".com."
• Illegal and legal uses: While the dark web has legitimate uses (e.g., providing access to information in restrictive regimes or enabling secure communication for whistleblowers), it is also associated with illicit activities such as black markets, drug and weapon sales, hacking services, and stolen data exchanges.
• Accessibility: Unlike the surface web, the dark web requires specialized tools to navigate, such as the Tor browser, which connects to its network.

Dark web versus deep web

The dark web is distinct from the deep web, which contains innocuous content like academic databases and online banking systems. While accessing the dark web itself is not inherently illegal, engaging in certain activities can violate laws.

See also: HIPAA Compliant Email: The Definitive Guide

Best practices when accessing the dark web

Use a secure and anonymous browser

• Tor browser: The most popular and secure method for accessing the dark web is via the Tor browser, which anonymizes your internet traffic by routing it through multiple encrypted layers.
• I2P browser: If you're using the I2P network, ensure you have the appropriate software configured to access hidden services within this network.

Always keep your browser up to date to protect against known security vulnerabilities.

Stay anonymous

• Don’t share personal information: Never reveal identifying information such as your real name, address, phone number, or anything that could be used to track you.
• Avoid logging into social media accounts: Don’t use your regular social media accounts to log into dark web platforms.

Be cautious with cryptocurrency

• Cryptocurrency for payments: The dark web uses cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Monero, or Ethereum for transactions. Familiarize yourself with how to use these digital currencies and take steps to protect your wallet.

Enable security and privacy features

• Disable scripts and plugins: The dark web is full of potential threats, including malicious scripts. Disable JavaScript and browser plugins in the Tor browser to reduce the risk of malware or attacks.
• Use encryption for communication: When possible, use encrypted communication platforms for any correspondence on the dark web.

Avoid downloading files or clicking suspicious links

• Do not download files: Avoid downloading files from unknown or suspicious sources, as they could contain malware or other harmful software.
• Be wary of links: Be cautious about clicking on unknown links or interacting with suspicious websites, as they may lead to scams, phishing attempts, or malicious content.

Avoid engaging in illegal activities

• Follow the law: The dark web has its fair share of illegal activities, but it is important to refrain from engaging in anything unlawful (such as purchasing drugs, weapons, or stolen data). Participating in these activities could expose you to criminal liability.
• Don’t contribute to harmful activities: Avoid being part of any forums or groups promoting hate speech, violence, or other illegal activities.

Stay vigilant and be aware of scams

• Beware of scams: The dark web is filled with fraud and scams, including fake marketplaces, phishing attempts, and fraudulent services. Always perform due diligence before making any transactions.
• Verify vendor reputation: If you’re buying anything, try to verify the reputation of the vendor by checking for user reviews or feedback.

See also: FAQs: What you need to know about cybersecurity

FAQs

Should I use the dark web?

If you have a legitimate need for anonymity or secure communication, the dark web can be a useful tool. However, exercise caution and understand the risks involved.

What is the purpose of the dark web?

The dark web serves many purposes, such as maintaining anonymity, protecting free speech, enabling secure communication, and, unfortunately, facilitating illegal activities.

Is the dark web safe?

Browsing the dark web involves risks such as exposure to malware, phishing attacks, scams, and illegal content. Take precautions like using a VPN, avoiding downloads, and refraining from sharing personal information.